In 2025, K-12 schools have made it a priority to implement electrical designs that keep their school energy efficient, environmentally conscious, and safe. To meet these requirements, schools have prioritized lighting, solar energy utilization, and fire alarm and security systems. The following article takes a deeper look at each of these areas and the challenges they present in educational facilities.
Lighting
LED lighting has become an industry standard in K-12 schools. LED lighting allows schools to replace their previous fluorescent or incandescent light fixtures with more energy efficient lighting thus lowering the overall electrical load on the building. Retrofit lighting kits are available in cases where a school has decided to upgrade their lighting but wants to keep the existing fixtures.
In addition to advancements in light fixtures, light control technology has taken a leap forward. Vacancy and occupancy sensors are code-required in all occupied spaces, except in rooms where this could cause a safety issue. These sensors can also be integrated into the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems to adjust airflow and temperature setpoints based on a room’s vacancy. Dimming and tunable white lighting allows for a personalized lighting experience for each room, while daylight harvesting can be utilized to reduce the output of light fixtures closest to the windows. These advancements in lighting and lighting controls have created opportunities for schools to become more energy efficient.
Solar Energy
To further enhance operational efficiency, K-12 schools have begun to implement solar panels. Arrays of solar panels can be used to manage electrical consumption on the grid. Solar panels can be incorporated into the existing electrical system to reduce demand utility charges through peak shaving. Integrating solar panels in schools also offers opportunities for students to have hands-on educational experiences. Real-time data can be collected from the panels, giving students a better understanding of the benefits of renewable energy.
Although the initial upfront investment in solar panels is substantial, schools in Illinois can receive financial relief from the state to offset installation cost. Due to the minimal maintenance requirements and typical long-life span of solar panels, solar panel arrays can be considered an investment in not only the present, but also the future.
Battery energy storage systems can be paired with solar panel arrays to maximize the benefits of solar energy. The excess solar energy can be stored in these batteries during the day and used at various times, optimizing the use of peak shaving. The stored energy can also be used in emergency situations. If the school loses power, critical systems such as lighting, fire alarms, and IT equipment can remain operational to ensure safety and continuity.
Fire Alarm and Security Systems
Since safety is a top priority in schools, fire alarm and security systems have evolved to keep up accordingly. Modern fire alarm systems are designed to be modular, allowing components to be upgraded and expanded upon with ease. The upgrade capabilities are key for fire alarm systems to maintain code compliance as NFPA 72 (the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code) and other local codes evolve without having to install an entirely new fire system. Schools that have multiple buildings or phased construction projects benefit the most from the expansion capacities. Traditional fire alarm horns and bells have been replaced with voice annunciators which broadcast a pre-recorded message explaining safety instructions upon the triggering of the fire alarm. Communicating clearly on how to proceed in an emergency is beneficial for students and eliminates the panic that a loud, spontaneous horn or bell may cause. Similarly, fire alarm systems can be integrated into the public address system to send out an auditory message throughout the building. Fire alarm systems are also tied into the security system. Access controls can unlock doors or initiate lockdowns to provide a coordinated exit path in the event of a fire.
Security systems have incorporated more complex layers to enhance school safety. Most main entrances to schools are equipped with an intercom featuring integrated cameras or electronic access key card to enter the building. Cameras are also strategically placed to ensure a view of all building entrances. This additional layer of protection deters unwanted visitors from attempting to or successfully entering the school. Access controls can be installed within vestibules to give staff time to verify a visitor’s identity before granting access to the building. Electronic key cards are also utilized in other areas of the school that contain sensitive information, such as IT rooms. Some exterior doors or stairways use access controls as well to trigger the alarm system in case of an emergency.
K-12 schools recognize the importance of energy efficiency, environmental awareness, and facility safety. Specific lighting and control systems allow schools to reduce electrical load and increase efficiency. Solar panel arrays and battery energy storage systems utilize solar energy to decrease electrical consumption on the grid, making the school more environmentally conscious. Fire alarm and security systems provide monitoring and awareness for the students and faculty to remain safe. These trends in electrical design shall continue to be a priority in 2025 and beyond.
